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The Style Manual used by the New York State Law Reporting Bureau. OFFICIAL EDITIONNEW YORKLAW REPORTSSTYLE MANUALPrepared By. The Law Reporting Bureauof The State Of New York. Compiled and Edited By. Kathleen B. Hughes. Michael S. Moran. Katherine D. La. Boda.
Kelli J. Flansburg. Maureen L. Clements. Rocco J. Padula. Amanda Figgs. Ganter. Stephen M. Carroll. WILLIAM J. HOOKSSTATE REPORTERCOPYRIGHT © 2. New York State Unified Court System.
First Edition Published in 1. FOREWORDI must start by thanking the Law Reporting Bureau of the State of New York for inviting me to write the Foreword for the 2. Style Manual. I am so pleased to recognize our outstanding State Reporter, Bill Hooks, who succeeded to the position in June 2. Bill is no stranger to the Law Reporting Bureau—having started his career there in 1.
I know he will continue the great tradition of providing impeccable service for the entire Unified Court System. Probably the most notable change reflected in the new Style Manual is the continuing movement toward the use of electronic sources. These changes demonstrate our increasing reliance on technology and the growing acceptance of the use of Internet material. Among other things, we now know how to cite materials such as e- books.
I anticipate that this aspect of the Style Manual will only continue to develop. The Law Reporting Bureau has continued to update the Style Manual to make this resource as clear and easy to use as possible. In addition, as a substantive matter, I would like to point out that the new Manual addresses our relatively recent change over from the Code of Professional Responsibility to the new Rules of Professional Conduct as the rules that govern attorney conduct. As always, the staff of the Law Reporting Bureau deserves the highest praise for its absolutely meticulous work. On behalf of myself, the Court of Appeals and the rest of the Court System, I express the utmost respect and gratitude for their steadfast commitment to precision and their unmatched skill and dedication.
PREFACE TO THE 2. EDITIONFor more than 5. New York Law Reports Style Manual has been issued by the Law Reporting Bureau with the approval of the Court of Appeals as a guide for New York judges and their staffs in the preparation of opinions for publication in the Official Reports. It also prescribes the style applied by the Law Reporting Bureau in editing the opinions for publication in the Reports. Although not binding on them, many lawyers find the Manual useful in preparing papers for submission to New York courts.
The Style Manual provides a guide for opinion writers and editors in five primary areas: citation, abbreviation, capitalization, quotation, and word style and usage. Additionally, it specifies for editors the format and typographical standards for the Reports. General References. This Manual supplements general citation and style authorities, providing more detail on New York materials and a more specific focus on judicial opinions. General authorities should be consulted on matters not covered by this Manual. These authorities include. The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (1.
Association of Legal Writing Directors & Darby Dickerson, ALWD Citation Manual (4th ed 2. Bryan A. Garner, The Redbook: A Manual on Legal Style (2d ed 2. The Chicago Manual of Style (1.
Webster's Third New International Dictionary (2. Black's Law Dictionary (9th ed 2. Gerald Lebovits, Advanced Judicial Opinion Writing (7.
Richard C. Wydick, Plain English for Lawyers (5th ed 2. Important Changes. The 2. 01. 2 Edition leaves largely intact the content of the 2. Edition and 2. 00. Supplement. Users' input inspired several rule clarifications and additions. Sample citations have been updated and expanded and residual style inconsistencies have been resolved.
Other revisions reflect a continuing commitment to conform to modern style practices and reduce unnecessary variations from standard sources. The most noteworthy of the changes found in this Manual are. Citation Style. In accordance with standard authorities, revised rules clarify that pertinent court and jurisdictional information should be included with full case citations (1. Continuing previous efforts to eliminate useless citation formalities and to promote cleaner text, the rule (1. The use of supra to indicate that an authority has been cited previously is no longer recommended. Examples of short- form references are included for cases (1. The 2. 01. 2 Edition recognizes the further migration of legal research from print to electronic formats by providing guidance on the elements of electronic citation generally (1.
Internet material (2. CD- ROM material (7. New York Law Journal and other online decisions (2. A revised rule (3. A revised rule (2.
Recurrent style inconsistencies have been addressed for pinpoint citation of single page decisions (2. Additional or revised forms of citation have been provided for commission and agency documents and materials (2. Appendix 4); regulations, court rules and jury instructions (4.
A list of public domain citations adopted by various jurisdictions was added (Appendix 2 [D]). Abbreviation. New abbreviations have been added for case names, law reports, appellate history terms and statutes (Appendixes 1 - 4). Quotations. The Style Manual's section on omitting or altering language in quoted material has been reordered for clarity and revised to allow for more precise use of ellipses, to clarify the style where language is both altered and omitted and to provide guidance where emphasis is omitted. New rules illustrate the use of an ellipsis with a period (1. The style for joint alterations and omissions has been added to rule 1. In accordance with standard authorities, omission of emphasis that appears in the source is indicated by "emphasis omitted" (1. Word Style and Usage.
The rule (1. 2. 4) on redaction of personal identifying information has been revised to accommodate heightened privacy and security concerns driven by greater accessibility of electronic judicial decisions. A clarification encourages authors to omit irrelevant information and additional examples of information that should be redacted have been included. Examples have been added to the list showing the style of particular words, with a continuing modern style emphasis on reducing excessive use of hyphens and italics (Appendix 5), and recurrent style inconsistencies have been addressed by new illustrations (e. Other Notes. The rules on capitalization are essentially unchanged and reflect the modern practice to avoid excessive capitalization. The rules on formulation of case summaries (appeal statements) have been updated and examples have been added (Appendix 8). Guidance is now included for formatting data tables incorporated in decisions (1. The use of small capitals in the text of opinions and footnotes has been eliminated (1.
The model citational footnote opinion has been updated (Appendix 7). Exceptions and Changes. Deviations from the rules stated in this Manual are permitted where application of a rule would adversely affect the clarity or readability of an opinion. The Law Reporting Bureau welcomes suggestions for improvement of the Style Manual. Send them to: reporter@courts. Internet Version of this Manual Changes to this Manual will be posted to the Bureau's Internet site at http: //www.
Use of the Internet version is strongly recommended not only for updates, but also to gain the advantages of word searching, hypertext linking and coordinating use of the Manual with the Official Case Name and Citation Locator. RULES REQUIRING CITATION TO OFFICIAL REPORTS"New York decisions shall be cited from the official reports, if any." (CPLR 5. Where New York authorities are cited in any submissions, New York Official Law Report citations shall be included, if available." (Rules of Ct of Appeals [2.
NYCRR] § 5. 00. 1 [g].). Where New York authorities are cited in any paper, New York Official Law Report citations must be included." (Rules of Ct of Appeals [2. NYCRR] § 5. 10. 1 [a].). New York decisions shall be cited from the official reports, if any." (Rules of App Div, 1st Dept [2. NYCRR] § 6. 00. 1. New York decisions shall be cited from the official reports, if any." (Rules of App Div, 4th Dept [2. NYCRR] § 1. 00. 0.
TABLE OF CONTENTSSummary of Table of Contents. PART I: CITATION STYLE. CITATION STYLE IN GENERAL. STATUTES AND LEGISLATIVE MATERIALS. REGULATIONS, COURT RULES AND JURY INSTRUCTIONS.
CONSTITUTIONS. 6. TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS. LEGAL PERIODICALS, TREATISES AND OTHER WORKS AND DOCUMENTS. PART II: OTHER STYLE ISSUES.
TITLES OF ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS. APPEARANCES OF COUNSEL. CAPITALIZATION, NUMERALS AND NUMBERS, DATES AND TIME, AND NAMES.
QUOTATIONS AND QUOTATION MARKS. WORD STYLE IN GENERAL.
PART III: TYPOGRAPHY AND SPACING. TYPOGRAPHY. PART IV: APPENDIXES. APPENDIX 1 — COMMON CASE NAME ABBREVIATIONS. APPENDIX 2 — ABBREVIATION OF CASE LAW REPORTS. APPENDIX 3 — APPELLATE HISTORY AND OTHER ABBREVIATIONS USED IN CITATIONS. APPENDIX 4 — STYLE AND ABBREVIATION OF PARTICULAR STATUTES. APPENDIX 5 — STYLE OF PARTICULAR WORDS.
APPENDIX 6 — TITLES IN VARIOUS ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS, WITH CASE NAMES. APPENDIX 7 — CITATIONAL FOOTNOTE STYLE (MODEL OPINION). APPENDIX 8 — FORMULATION OF SUMMARIES (APPEAL STATEMENTS). PART V: INDEXPART I: CITATION STYLE1. CITATION STYLE IN GENERAL1. ELEMENTS OF A CITATION1.
Statutory Citation Elements. PLACEMENT OF CITATIONS1. Citations within Parentheses. Footnote Numbers in Relation to Punctuation. REFERENCE TO PREVIOUSLY CITED AUTHORITY1.
Options for Referencing Previously Cited Authority(1) Shortened Case Names and Popular Names. Subsequent Reference to Immediately Preceding Authority. Subsequent Reference to Parallel Citations.
Citations Introduced by Signals. Signal Word Serving as a Verb. ELECTRONIC SOURCES IN GENERAL1.
Unreported and Unofficially Reported New York Opinions Published Online. Unreported New York Appellate Motion Decisions Published Online.
CASES(1) Cases Officially Reported(2) Cases Not Officially Reported.